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Operating Expense Ratio Calculator

Calculate the operating expense ratio (OER) for a rental property. Enter income and itemized expenses to see OER on effective gross income, OER on gross potential, and resulting net operating income.

Annual income

$
$
$

Laundry, parking, pet rent, etc.

Annual operating expenses

Do not include mortgage principal or interest — those are debt service, not operating expenses.

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

OER (on effective gross income)

28.7%

benchmark: 35–45% healthy, >55% concerning

OER (on gross potential)

27.5%

Effective gross income

$34,440

Net operating income

$24,540

EGI – operating expenses

How to Use

  1. Enter gross potential rent, vacancy/collection loss, and any other income.
  2. Itemize annual operating expenses: taxes, insurance, management, maintenance, utilities, HOA, and other costs.
  3. Exclude mortgage principal and interest — those are debt service, not operating expenses.
  4. Review the OER on effective gross income. Stabilized single-family rentals typically land in the 35–50% range.
  5. Feed the NOI into cap rate and DSCR calculators to finish the underwriting picture.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a good operating expense ratio?

Single-family rentals usually run 35–50% OER. Small multi-family 40–55%. Class-C properties and older buildings often 50–60%. Anything above 60% suggests deferred maintenance, inefficient management, or a genuinely problematic asset.

Does OER include the mortgage payment?

No. Operating expenses exclude debt service. This separation lets OER be compared apples-to-apples across leveraged and unleveraged deals, and lets NOI feed cap rate cleanly.

Should I include capex in OER?

Accountants usually capitalize major expenditures and amortize them, so they appear on a depreciation schedule rather than in operating expenses. Investors often include a capex reserve inside OER to avoid understating long-run costs.

How is OER different from the 50% rule?

The 50% rule is a shorthand: operating expenses will equal roughly 50% of rent over the long run. OER is the actual ratio calculated from real numbers. Use the 50% rule for a first pass; OER for underwriting.

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