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Rental & Investment Property

Underwrite rental and investment property deals end to end: screen the price-to-rent ratio, run cap rate, layer leverage onto cash-on-cash return, build detailed cash flow, plan the rehab and ARV, and check DSCR for the loan.

Built for landlords, BRRRR and buy-and-hold investors, flippers, and house hackers underwriting rentals before locking up cash, signing a contract, or applying for a DSCR loan.

Property income screeningDetailed monthly cash flowLeveraged cash-on-cash returnRehab and ARV underwritingDSCR underwriting check

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Fastest path into this collection

Open the most common starting point, then branch into the supporting calculators below as you narrow the decision.

Rental property analysis

Estimate rental cash flow, NOI, cap rate, and cash-on-cash return from rent, expenses, vacancy, and purchase price.

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Included calculators

Rent-to-Price Ratio CalculatorGross Rent Multiplier CalculatorRental Yield CalculatorCap Rate CalculatorCap Rate vs Cash-on-Cash Return CalculatorCash Flow vs Appreciation CalculatorEquity Multiple CalculatorExpense Ratio CalculatorDebt Yield CalculatorGross Scheduled Rent CalculatorRental Property CalculatorARV CalculatorRent Roll CalculatorRental Cash Flow CalculatorCash-on-Cash Return CalculatorCash Flow per Door CalculatorNet Operating Income (NOI) CalculatorOccupancy Rate CalculatorVacancy Rate CalculatorVacancy Loss CalculatorOperating Expense Ratio CalculatorBreak-Even Occupancy CalculatorBreak-Even Rent CalculatorMinimum Rent CalculatorProperty Management Fee CalculatorMaintenance Reserve CalculatorLandlord Insurance CalculatorLandlord Utility Cost CalculatorTenant Screening Cost CalculatorTenant Turnover Cost CalculatorEviction Cost CalculatorSecurity Deposit CalculatorRent Increase CalculatorRent Per Square Foot CalculatorCash Reserve CalculatorProperty Tax CalculatorRehab Budget CalculatorRent-Ready Budget CalculatorRehab Contingency CalculatorAfter-Repair Value per Square Foot CalculatorHouse Flipping Profit CalculatorProfit per Deal CalculatorFlip Holding Cost CalculatorPrice Per Square Foot CalculatorSeller Net Sheet CalculatorProperty Selling Cost CalculatorHome Sale Tax CalculatorClosing Cost CalculatorDSCR CalculatorDSCR Loan CalculatorHard Money Loan CalculatorRehab Loan CalculatorLoan-to-Cost CalculatorLoan-to-Value CalculatorHELOC CalculatorCash-Out Refinance CalculatorHome Equity Loan CalculatorReal Estate Depreciation CalculatorDepreciation Schedule CalculatorDepreciation Recapture Tax CalculatorBonus Depreciation CalculatorCost Segregation CalculatorCost Basis CalculatorCapital Gains Tax Calculator1031 Exchange CalculatorReal Estate Commission CalculatorProperty Appreciation CalculatorSeller Carry CalculatorLease Option CalculatorBridge Loan Calculator

How to use this collection

Move through the decision in order

  1. 1Use GRM and cap rate first to filter out properties that will not work before spending time on cash flow detail.
  2. 2Build the rent roll unit by unit so effective gross income, not gross potential, drives NOI and DSCR.
  3. 3Build cash flow with itemized expenses including vacancy, property management, and capex reserves so the deal stays standing when something breaks.
  4. 4Compare cash-on-cash return at different down payment levels — the same property looks very different at 20% versus 30% down.
  5. 5For a flip, back into max offer from ARV and rehab budget before deciding what you can pay, then run the full flip model for projected profit and ROI.
  6. 6Check DSCR against the lender minimum so the deal can actually be financed before you write an offer.
  7. 7When selling, pressure-test a 1031 exchange against paying the tax outright to decide if deferral is worth the 45-day / 180-day constraints.

Why this page exists

Less hunting, more decision support

The finance category is broad. This landing page narrows it to one intent cluster so visitors can move from the first estimate to the next best calculator without bouncing back to search.

Screen and price the dealBuild the rent roll and operating cash flowPlan rehab, flip, and exitPressure-test the loan and the financing structurePlan the tax-deferred swap on exitCreative acquisition and hold structures
Calculator group

Screen and price the deal

Start with the fast price-to-rent screen, then move into property income performance with cap rate.

Finance

Rent-to-Price Ratio Calculator

Apply the 1% and 2% rules. Screen rental properties fast using the ratio of monthly rent to purchase price before running a full analysis.

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Finance

Gross Rent Multiplier Calculator

Quickly screen rental properties using the gross rent multiplier of price to annual rent and a comparable benchmark.

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Finance

Rental Yield Calculator

Calculate gross and net rental yield from monthly rent and property price. Compare yield against cap rate and other investments.

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Finance

Cap Rate Calculator

Estimate cap rate, net operating income, and operating expense ratio from rent, vacancy, and operating expenses.

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Finance

Cap Rate vs Cash-on-Cash Return Calculator

Compare unlevered cap rate to levered cash-on-cash return on the same property and see whether leverage is positive or negative.

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Finance

Cash Flow vs Appreciation Calculator

Combine cash flow, appreciation, and loan paydown into a total annual return on equity for a rental.

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Finance

Equity Multiple Calculator

Calculate total return per dollar invested in a real estate deal across hold-period cash flow and exit proceeds.

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Finance

Expense Ratio Calculator

Calculate operating expense ratio (OER) and total expense ratio with debt service for a rental property.

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Finance

Debt Yield Calculator

Calculate debt yield (NOI divided by loan amount) and the max loan a lender will fund at the minimum debt yield.

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Finance

Gross Scheduled Rent Calculator

Build the top of a multifamily operating statement: GPR, loss to lease, vacancy loss, other income, and effective gross income.

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Finance

Rental Property Calculator

Estimate rental cash flow, NOI, cap rate, and cash-on-cash return from rent, expenses, vacancy, and purchase price.

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Finance

ARV Calculator

Estimate after-repair value from comparable sales and calculate the 70% rule max allowable offer for a flip or BRRRR deal.

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Calculator group

Build the rent roll and operating cash flow

Build a unit-by-unit rent roll, then layer in itemized expenses, vacancy, and management.

Finance

Rent Roll Calculator

Enter unit mix, market rent, and actual rent to see gross potential, effective gross income, physical occupancy, and loss to lease.

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Finance

Rental Cash Flow Calculator

Build a detailed monthly cash flow with itemized operating expenses, vacancy, management, and the loan payment.

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Finance

Cash-on-Cash Return Calculator

Estimate cash-on-cash return, annual cash flow, and total cash invested for a leveraged rental property.

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Finance

Cash Flow per Door Calculator

Calculate monthly cash flow per rental unit and total portfolio cash flow from rent, vacancy, opex, and debt service.

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Finance

Net Operating Income (NOI) Calculator

Calculate annual NOI for a rental from rent, vacancy, other income, and itemized operating expenses. Includes operating expense ratio.

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Finance

Occupancy Rate Calculator

Calculate physical occupancy rate from unit-months occupied or from vacancy rate for a single rental or full portfolio.

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Finance

Vacancy Rate Calculator

Measure physical and economic vacancy, occupancy rate, and lost rent for a rental property or multi-unit portfolio.

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Finance

Vacancy Loss Calculator

Translate a vacancy rate into annual and monthly dollars lost. Size realistic vacancy assumptions for rental cash flow and DSCR underwriting.

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Finance

Operating Expense Ratio Calculator

Calculate the OER for a rental property — operating expenses divided by effective gross income — to benchmark operational efficiency.

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Finance

Break-Even Occupancy Calculator

Find the minimum occupancy rate a rental property needs to cover operating expenses plus debt service — the single best margin-of-safety metric.

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Finance

Break-Even Rent Calculator

Solve for the minimum monthly rent needed to cover operating expenses and debt service, plus the rent that hits a target cash flow.

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Finance

Minimum Rent Calculator

Solve for the gross monthly rent needed to hit a target cash-on-cash return on a rental, with vacancy and opex factored in.

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Finance

Property Management Fee Calculator

See the true all-in cost of a property manager — monthly percentage, leasing, renewal, setup, and maintenance markup fees combined.

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Finance

Maintenance Reserve Calculator

Set aside a defensible monthly maintenance and capex reserve using the 1% rule, 50% rule, or an itemized budget for a rental property.

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Finance

Landlord Insurance Calculator

Estimate annual landlord (DP-3 / rental dwelling) insurance premium from property value, coverage, loss-of-rent rider, and deductible.

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Finance

Landlord Utility Cost Calculator

Estimate annual utility costs for water, sewer, trash, gas, electric, internet, and common areas including vacancy carry.

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Finance

Tenant Screening Cost Calculator

Budget tenant screening costs across credit, background, eviction, and employment checks. Compare charging applicants vs absorbing the cost.

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Finance

Tenant Turnover Cost Calculator

Add lost rent, make-ready, and re-leasing costs to see the true cost of a turnover in dollars and months of rent.

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Finance

Eviction Cost Calculator

Add lost rent, legal fees, court filings, property damage, and turnover to see total out-of-pocket cost from an eviction.

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Finance

Security Deposit Calculator

Add deposit, last-month rent, pet deposit, and other move-in costs against your state's deposit cap.

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Finance

Rent Increase Calculator

Compare a planned rent bump to the turnover cost if the tenant moves out, plus check against state/local rent caps.

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Finance

Rent Per Square Foot Calculator

Calculate rent PSF for a rental and compare to up to three comparable rentals to estimate market rent.

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Finance

Cash Reserve Calculator

Estimate the cash reserve a landlord or homeowner should hold — months of PITI, operating expenses, and a capex buffer for big-ticket surprises.

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Finance

Property Tax Calculator

Estimate annual and monthly property tax from market value, assessment ratio, exemptions, and mill rate or percent rate.

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Calculator group

Plan rehab, flip, and exit

Size a defensible rehab budget for a flip or BRRRR, then run the full flip math or use ARV and the seller net sheet to plan the exit.

Finance

Rehab Budget Calculator

Build a line-item renovation budget by trade, add a contingency, and include holding costs for a flip or BRRRR project.

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Finance

Rent-Ready Budget Calculator

Build a make-ready budget for prepping a rental between tenants — paint, deep clean, small repairs, lock change, marketing.

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Finance

Rehab Contingency Calculator

Size the rehab contingency budget for a flip or BRRRR project based on scope risk and known unknowns.

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Finance

ARV Calculator

Estimate after-repair value from comparable sales and calculate the 70% rule max allowable offer for a flip or BRRRR deal.

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Finance

After-Repair Value per Square Foot Calculator

Build ARV using PSF-based comp averages with low/mid/high estimates and a dollar adjustment for condition or amenities.

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Finance

House Flipping Profit Calculator

Model flip profit, cash-on-cash return, holding costs, and the 70% rule max offer for a fix-and-flip deal.

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Finance

Profit per Deal Calculator

Calculate net flip profit, margin, and ROI on cash from ARV minus purchase, rehab, holding, closing, and commission.

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Finance

Flip Holding Cost Calculator

Calculate monthly and total carry during a flip — interest, taxes, vacant insurance, utilities, HOA, and other costs.

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Finance

Price Per Square Foot Calculator

Compute price per square foot and compare to comparable sales for a real estate market value check.

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Finance

Seller Net Sheet Calculator

Estimate net proceeds from a home sale after agent commission, closing costs, concessions, credits, and mortgage payoff.

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Finance

Property Selling Cost Calculator

Add commission, transfer tax, title, staging, repairs, prorations, and loan payoff to compute net to seller.

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Finance

Home Sale Tax Calculator

Estimate capital gains tax on a home sale including the Section 121 $250k/$500k primary residence exclusion.

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Finance

Closing Cost Calculator

Estimate lender fees, title charges, prepaids, escrow funding, and total cash to close on a home purchase.

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Calculator group

Pressure-test the loan and the financing structure

Check whether the property income clears DSCR underwriting and whether tapping equity from another property funds the deal.

Finance

DSCR Calculator

Estimate debt service coverage ratio for a rental property loan from NOI, loan amount, rate, and term.

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Finance

DSCR Loan Calculator

Reverse the DSCR formula to size the maximum loan a rental property can support based on net rental income, lender DSCR floor, rate, and term.

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Finance

Hard Money Loan Calculator

Size a hard money fix-and-flip loan from ARV, rehab, and lender LTV. See cash to close, monthly interest carry, points, and the true annualized cost.

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Finance

Rehab Loan Calculator

Size a renovation loan that funds purchase plus rehab. Apply LTV-on-purchase and LTV-cap-on-ARV ceilings to see loan amount, cash required, and rehab carry.

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Finance

Loan-to-Cost Calculator

Calculate LTC for a construction or rehab project — loan amount divided by total project cost (purchase + rehab + soft costs) — vs the lender ceiling.

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Finance

Loan-to-Value Calculator

Calculate LTV and combined LTV across all liens, see equity, and check borrowing headroom against the lender CLTV ceiling.

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Finance

HELOC Calculator

Estimate available line size, interest-only draw payment, and the amortizing repayment payment on a home equity line of credit.

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Finance

Cash-Out Refinance Calculator

Estimate cash available, new loan size, payment, and remaining equity from a cash-out refinance scenario.

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Finance

Home Equity Loan Calculator

Estimate the monthly payment, total interest, and total repayment cost for a fixed-rate home equity loan.

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Calculator group

Plan the tax-deferred swap on exit

If selling a rental and buying another, depreciation recapture and capital gains are the biggest tax exposures — a 1031 can defer both.

Finance

Real Estate Depreciation Calculator

Compute annual rental property depreciation, first-year mid-month deduction, tax shield, and recapture exposure at sale.

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Finance

Depreciation Schedule Calculator

Build a year-by-year straight-line MACRS depreciation schedule for residential or commercial real estate.

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Finance

Depreciation Recapture Tax Calculator

Estimate Section 1250 recapture (up to 25%) plus capital gains and state tax on a rental property sale.

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Finance

Bonus Depreciation Calculator

Calculate first-year bonus deduction, year-one total deduction, and tax savings on qualifying business property.

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Finance

Cost Segregation Calculator

Estimate the year-one tax savings from breaking out 5-year and 15-year property and applying bonus depreciation.

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Finance

Cost Basis Calculator

Calculate adjusted cost basis from purchase price, closing costs, capital improvements, depreciation, and casualty losses.

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Finance

Capital Gains Tax Calculator

Estimate federal, state, and NIIT capital gains tax on stocks, crypto, real estate, or other investments.

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Finance

1031 Exchange Calculator

Estimate deferred capital gains, depreciation recapture, boot, and the minimum reinvestment to fully defer tax on a like-kind exchange.

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Finance

Seller Net Sheet Calculator

Estimate net proceeds from a home sale after agent commission, closing costs, concessions, credits, and mortgage payoff.

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Finance

Real Estate Commission Calculator

Split total real estate commission between listing and buyer sides, then model the agent's net take-home after brokerage split, referral, and desk fees.

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Finance

Property Appreciation Calculator

Project the future value of a home or investment property using annual appreciation, holding period, and equity growth from amortization.

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Finance

Cap Rate Calculator

Estimate cap rate, net operating income, and operating expense ratio from rent, vacancy, and operating expenses.

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Finance

DSCR Calculator

Estimate debt service coverage ratio for a rental property loan from NOI, loan amount, rate, and term.

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Why visitors use the rental & investment property collection

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